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本帖最后由 Yegat 于 2020-9-25 23:04 编辑
在SD卡上将MeeGo安装到N900
Installing MeeGo to N900 on external MMC card
注意：进行这里中的任何步骤之前，请阅读整个教程，并确保你了解了所有的内容。
NOTE: Read the whole guide before doing any steps in this guide to make sure you understand everything. 如果您不想从N900中擦除NAND分区或内部32GeMMC的数据，那么这个方法适合您。您需要安装的是一个原始映像，可以放入SD卡和内核（安装到SD的相同内核）。
If you do not want to erase the NAND partition or the internal 32 G eMMC from the N900 device, this installation is for you. What you need for this installation is a raw image that can be put to the MMC card and kernel (same kernel that is installed to the MMC). 映像 Images（译者的话：原来的镜像资料有待寻找）
You may want to check for the most recent N900 test reports at Quality#MeeGo_Handset_Testing to see how much functionality is known to work on the N900.
在SD卡上安装Rootfs
Installing Rootfs on external MMC card
首先，你需要一个 MicroSD 记忆卡，并确定里面没有任何你想要的信息，因为在这过程中数据会被删除。SD卡的大小起码要4GB。 First, what you need, is a microSD memory card which does not contain any information that you need, as it will be erased during this operation. The steps in this guide require an MMC card of at least 4gb.
Linux
你把合适的SD插到读卡器，接入电脑。你也可以通过USB线缆将N900连接到电脑上，并确保外置SD已经拿出。如果它具有有效的文件系统（FAT32或ExtX），大多数Linux发行版一样，它将自动挂载。要卸载，您可以尝试以下的方法：
When inserting the microSD memory card in the card reader, you need to find out what the proper device for the card is. You can also plug the N900 into your computer's USB slot, using the package-provided cable. Make sure the external microSD card is unmounted, as with most modern linux distributions today it will get auto-mounted if the has a valid filesystem (FAT32 or ExtX). To unmount, you can try this example:
sudo umount /dev/sdX
并使用mount命令确定它是否/在哪里安装：
And use the mount command to determine if/ where it is mounted:
sudo mount (for an example how the microSD would look go MountOutput here.
寻找设备节点也可以使用fdisk来完成：
Finding out the device node can also be done with, for example, fdisk:
sudo fdisk -l
示例输出 (注: “ /dev/sdX” 用作在你电脑上示范的名字。这也可以改为 /dev/mmcblk0, /dev/sdd 或者其他)
An example output (NOTE: The /dev/sdX is used as an example on your PC. This might be also called /dev/mmcblk0, /dev/sdd or something else) $ sudo fdisk -l...Disk /dev/sdX: 3965 MB, 3965714432 bytes194 heads, 30 sectors/track, 1330 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 5820 * 512 = 2979840 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0001ab40 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdX1 1 588 1708984 83 Linux注: 这个".raw"映像也包括了分区表，所以这个镜像需要写到/dev/sdX ，而不是 /dev/sdX1。
NOTE: The .raw image contains the partition table, as well. So the image needs to be written to /dev/sdX not /dev/sdX1.
然后你要100%确定这个 /dev/sdX 是SD卡，你可以使用dd命令把映像放在SD卡上： After you are 100% sure that the /dev/sdX is the microSD memory card you just inserted in the card reader, you can use, for example, dd to put the image onto the card:
$ sudo dd bs=4096 if=<raw_image> of=/dev/sdX
如果你的储存空间不足，你可以这样做： If you are low on disk space, you can use
$ bzcat <raw_image>.bz2 | sudo dd bs=4096 of=/dev/sdX
即时解压的原始映像，而无需先在计算机上解压。如果您安装了pv（1），可以在两者之间添加它以显示进度（截至2010-10-04，图像大小约为2GB）：
to decompress the compressed raw image on the fly, without having to unpack it on you computer first. And if you have pv(1) installed, you can add it in between to display the progress (the image is ~ 2GB in size as of 2010-10-04):
$ bzcat <raw_image>.bz2 | pv | sudo dd bs=4096 of=/dev/sdX
这个dd指令不能展示一些进展，除非文件正在写入设备，请耐心等待。
The dd does not show any progress until the file is written to the device, so be patient.
尽管发送USR1信号给正在运行的dd进程，但它会打印I / O统计到标准错误，然后重新开始复制： Although sending a USR1 signal to a running dd process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
来自另一个条款：
from another term:
$ kill -USR1 $pid
dd将会输出：
dd will output:
328356+0 records in328356+0 records out1344946176 bytes (1.3 GB) copied, 105.625 s, 12.7 MB/s
完成之后，你可以安装SD卡到N900
After this, you can insert the card in the N900.
Windows
1.下载和安装bzip2在Windowshttp://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bzip2.htm
1.Download and install bzip2 to Windows http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bzip2.htm
2.在命令提示符中解压缩原始映像“bunzip2.exe <compressed raw image>”
2.Uncompress raw image in command prompt "bunzip2.exe <compressed raw image>"
3.将提取的文件扩展名从.raw更改（重命名）为.img
3.Change (rename) extracted file extension from .raw to .img
4.下载Win32DiskImager.exe程序：https：//launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/+download （zip file）
4.Download the Win32DiskImager.exe program: https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/+download (zip file)
5.解压文件并将内容解压到已知目录
5.Unzip the file and extract the contents to a known directory
6.运行W32DiskImager.exe
6.Run W32DiskImager.exe
7.选择MeeGo映像文件
7.Select the MeeGo image file
8.选择与microSD存储卡对应的驱动器号 8.Select the drive letter which corresponds to the microSD memory card.
9.单击“写入”按钮将图像字节复制到microSD存储卡
9.Click the "Write" button to byte-copy the image to the microSD memory card.
10.将存储卡插入设备并连接后盖
10.insert the memory card into the device and attach the back cover
11.加载/闪存内核映像
11.load/flash kernel image
关于Flasher内核的提示
Notes about flashing the kernel加载内核：
To load the kernel:
flasher-3.5.exe -l -b -k [kernel image] to load it
刷新它：
To flash it
flasher-3.5.exe -f -b -k [kernel image] to flash it
刷入替换掉Maemo5内核，如果你不刷新内核，将无法启动设备。
Flashing replace the Maemo5 kernel and you won't be able to boot into maemo5 without flashing the original kernel back
然后通过USB连接N900到电脑上，MeeGo系统将会启动，连接时，你需要按住“U”键。（手机键盘上）
Then connect N900 to the computer via the USB cable and the Meego OS will boot. You may need to keep the 'U' key pressed (on the phone's keyboard) when connecting the cable.
当从SD卡中启动，确定设备的后盖打开。否则卡将无法挂载，你会看到内核错误
When booting from a memory card make sure that the device's back cover is on. Otherwise the card will not mount and you'll see a kernel panic
注意！！如果你看到错误“磁盘空间不足”，常识再一次使用外置读卡器。
'NOTE!!' If you get error 'Not enough space on disk'. Try again with external memorycard reader.
Mac OS X
当你安装了SD卡在读卡器，你需要找到适合卡的设备，这个可以使用磁盘工具完成。
When inserting the microSD memory card in the card reader, you need to find out what the proper device for the card is. This can be done with disktool:
diskutil list
一个示例输出（注意: 这个 /dev/diskX 只是用在你的Mac上演示。它可以改为/dev/disk2, /dev/disk3 或者其他什么的）
An example output (NOTE: The /dev/diskX is used as an example on your Mac. This might be also called /dev/disk2, /dev/disk3 or something else)
$ diskutil list.../dev/diskX #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *4.1 GB disk3 1: DOS_FAT_32 DISKETTE 4.1 GB disk3s1
注意: “ .raw“ 映像 也包括分区表. 所以映像需要写到/dev/diskX 而不是/dev/diskX1.
NOTE: The .raw image contains the partition table, as well. So the image needs to be written to /dev/diskX not /dev/diskX1. 注意: 如果你想更快些写入你的SD卡，你可以使用原始设备,避免使用系统缓冲区, 添加 'r' 添加你SD卡接口的名字, 例如: /dev/rdiskX
NOTE: If you want to improve the speed writing your mmc card, you can use the raw device, avoiding the use of the os buffer, add 'r' add the name of your mmc interface, example: /dev/rdiskX
然后你要100%确定“/dev/diskX”是接入的SD卡，你可以使用dd命令将映像放在卡上 After you are 100% sure that the /dev/diskX is the microSD memory card you just inserted in the card reader, you can use, for example, dd to put the image onto the card:
$ sudo dd bs=4096 if=<raw_image> of=/dev/diskX
如果你的磁盘空间不足，你可以用
If you are low on disk space, you can use
$ bzcat <raw_image>.bz2 | sudo dd bs=4096 of=/dev/diskX
即时解压的原始映像，而无需先在计算机上解压。 to decompress the compressed raw image on the fly without having to unpack it on you computer first.
dd将文件写入设备前，不会显示任何进度，请耐心等待。 The dd does not show any progress until the file is written to the device, so be patient.
虽然发送SIGINFO信号到正在运行的dd进程，但会打印I / O统计信息到标准错误，然后重新开始复制： Although sending a SIGINFO signal to a running dd process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
来自另一个条款：
from another term:
$ kill -SIGINFO $pid
dd完成之后，dd会输入一些像这样的东西:
After dd is done, dd will output something like this:
475136+1 records in475136+1 records out1946157057 bytes transferred in 2606.033611 secs (746789 bytes/sec)
然后，你可以弹出SD卡，插到N900上。
After this, you can eject the microSD and insert the card in the N900.
在N900上 On the N900 itself
这应该是最后的解决方案： This should be a last resort solution：
1.下载原始映像并将其解压缩到电脑（参见上文） 1.Download and unpack the raw image to a desktop computer (see above).
2.卸载SD卡
2.un-mount the microSD memory card
sudo gainrootumount /dev/mmcblkXpYdd if=/home/user/MyDocs/<raw_image> of=/dev/mmcblk1
注意
Notes
- X,Y在umount命令中应该是设备号和分区号通常1,1.不要从/proc/partitions提取信息!
N900在swaps驱动和引导和/ proc /分区是内核在加载时最初看到的内容。对于Maemo5-Standard-Install，N900的SD卡是/ dev / mmcblk1，而想/ proc / partitions，/ dev / mmcblk0中所示！NITdroid的SD-install将SD卡作为/ dev / mmcblk0。如果要查看此刻安装的内容，请键入“mount | grep mmc”或“df | grep mmc”。
- X, Y in umount command should be the device number and partition number, usually 1, 1. Do not take information from /proc/partitions!
N900 swaps devices during boot and /proc/partitions is what the kernel initially sees when it is loaded. N900's SD-Card is /dev/mmcblk1 for Maemo5-Standard-Install and not like shown in /proc/partitions, /dev/mmcblk0! NITdroid's SD-install has SD-Card as /dev/mmcblk0, instead. If you want to see what is mounted at the moment, type "mount|grep mmc" or "df|grep mmc".
- 可以将压缩映像下载到你的N900，但是不推荐使用，解压需要很长时间
- It is possible to download the compressed image to your N900, but it is not recommended as it takes a long time to unpack.
- “dd”复制时不提供相关输出，请耐心等待
- `dd` does not give any output while it is copying, so be patient.
- 搞明白这些步骤中的哪一步出了问题，才咨询相关人士
- If you aren't sure about any of these steps you should not proceed without consulting a professional.
在N900加载或刷新内核
Load or flash kernel on N900
在MeeGo能启动前，你也需要将原始影像提供的内核（vmlinuz）加载到设备。这可以通过Flasher完成。
Before MeeGo is able to boot, you also need to load the kernel (vmlinuz) provided with the raw image to the device. This can be done with the flasher.
使用 u-boot 制作双启动
Dual-boot with maemo using u-boot
手动加载或写入
Load or flash manually
前提条件
Prerequisites
- 需要在您的计算机上安装Flasher。你可以从这里得到它。在64位Ubuntu / Debian上，在下载.deb文件后，这个命令可以解决这个问题：
- the flasher application needs to be installed on your computer. You can get it from here.
On 64-bit Ubuntu/Debian this command would do the trick, after downloading the .deb file:
$ sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i maemo_flasher-*i386.deb
运行Meego
Running Meego
注：首先打开N900后盖和安装SD卡在卡槽，合起后盖
NOTE: First, open the back cover of N900 and insert the MMC card to the slot. Reinstall the back cover again. 注：必须关闭后盖才能从MMC启动 NOTE: Back cover must be closed to boot from MMC. 注:如果你有闪光灯夹，则需要在这里标记的红色位置放置磁铁 NOTE: If you have a flashing jig, you will need to put a magnet at the red location marked here
你需要您需要在主机系统上执行以下命令。 You need to execute the following command on your host system.
注：必须关闭设备并断开与计算机的连接。只有在执行命令后，才能使用USB电缆将其连接到计算机 NOTE: The device must be turned off and disconnected from the computer. Connect it to the computer using the USB cable, only after executing the command $ sudo flasher-3.5 -l -k <kernel> -b
一个信息像这样：
A message like:
flasher v2.5.2 (Oct 21 2009) Suitable USB device not found, waiting.
显示在计算机的终端上。 is shown on the terminal of the computer.
然后通过USB电缆将N900连接到计算机，Meego OS将启动。连接电缆时，您可能需要按住“U”键（在手机的键盘上）。 Then connect N900 to the computer via the USB cable and the Meego OS will boot. You may need to keep the 'U' key pressed (on the phone's keyboard) when connecting the cable.
注：上面的命令只会将内核加载到设备，因此下次启动设备时，应使用原始内核，Maemo 5操作系统应正常启动。 NOTE: The command above will only load the kernel to the device, so next time you boot the device, the original kernel should be used and your Maemo 5 OS should boot normally. 如果要将内核闪存到设备中以便在关闭电源时不会忘记它，请在上面的命令中使用选项-f而不是选项-l。 If you want to flash the kernel to your device so that it is not forgotten when it is powered off, use option -f instead of option -l on command above.
注意：强烈建议不要在设备上刷内核，除非你真的知道自己在做什么（所以请使用-l代替-f）。不要责怪我们，如果你搞砸了你的设备，你就会受到警告（译者认为这是来自设备的警告）！ NOTE: It's highly recommended NOT to flash the kernel on your device, unless you really know what you're doing (so please use -l instead of -f). Don't blame us if you brick your device, you have been warned! 可以与本指南一起使用的文件例子
Examples of files that can be used with this guide
本贴由 Yegat 整理，时间匆忙，或有疏漏之处，请见谅。 本文档来源于图书馆历史文档并完成翻译工作 源网站多数已经失效！！！！！！！
——2018年8月30日18:26
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